Coffee and Mission Essay Example for Free

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The ability of the brain to re

The capacity of the mind to re Presentation The capacity of the mind to change following an individual’s experience is alluded to as neuroplasticity (Alamacos, Segura, Borrel, 1998). This quality of the cerebrum was found all the more as of late and dishonors the prior conviction that the mind would never show signs of change after an individual has experienced the basic time of early stages. The mind is essentially comprised of nerve cells and glial cells which are generally linked.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The capacity of the cerebrum to re-task an alternate zone following mind harm to one region explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Learning can be accomplished through the adjustment of the quality of these associations. In the only remaining century, the normal conviction was that the lower cerebrum and the neocortical zones couldn't be changed in structure after structure after youth (Winship murphy, 2009). This conviction has been tested by the new di sclosures that demonstrate that all pieces of the mind are plastic and can be changed even in more seasoned people. This paper looks to distinguish the capacity of the cerebrum to re-task an alternate region to play out a capacity that has been influenced by mind harm (Lazar, Kerr, Wasserman, 2005). Prior examinations Previous investigations done by Wiesel and Hubel indicated that visual strength segments that are situated in the most reduced neocortical visual zone were to a great extent not variable after one has passed the basic time frame being developed (Black, Cianci, Markokowitz, 2001). These basic periods were additionally inspected in regard to language improvement; the discoveries recommended that all the tangible pathways were perpetual ensuing to the basic time frame (Kaeser, et al., 2010). Be that as it may, the previous mind considers had likewise indicated that adjustments in nature could bring about change in conduct and perception. This change was connected to the a djustment in neuronal associations and neurogenesis in explicit pieces of the cerebrum, for example, the hippocampus (Boudrias, Mcpherson, Frost, Cheney, 2010). Many years of suffering exploration on the capacities and structure of the cerebrum show that adjustments occur in the most minimal neocortical preparing regions and that the modifications could bring about checked changes in the example of neuronal enactment in light of understanding (Kaeser, et al., 2010).Advertising Looking for inquire about paper on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The subsequent neuroplasticity hypothesis states that experience can bring about the change of the brain’s physical structure and the useful association (Alamacos, Segura, Borrel, 1998). Neurobiology and cortical maps The possibility of synaptic pruning structures one of the significant parts of neuroplasticity. Synaptic pruning clarifies that particular connectio ns in the cerebrum are exposed to steady evacuation or entertainment relying upon how they are being utilized (Draganski, 2006). The idea of synaptic pruning is best caught in the saying â€Å"which states that neurons that fire together, wire together/neurons that fire separated, wire apart† (Boudrias, Mcpherson, Frost, Cheney, 2010, p. 8). This shows two neighboring neurons that simultaneously produce a motivation can shape one cortical guide. Cortical maps are utilized to clarify cortical association of, by and large, the tangible framework (Giovanna, Paolo, Luca, Thomas, 2008). For example, tangible driving forces from the two arms are anticipated to various cortical locales in the cerebrum. Accordingly the cortical association characterized by the reaction to tactile sources of info speaks to the human body in type of a guide. Specialists Merzenich, Doug Rasmusson and Jon Kaas led concentrates on the cortical maps by evacuating tactile sources of info (Cutler Hoffman, 20 05). Their discoveries which have been bolstered by different investigations show that the evacuation of a contribution to the cortical guide brings about the overhauling of the motivation through adjoining inputs. Treatment of cerebrum harm as an utilization of neuroplasticity Through neuroplasticity considers it has been discovered that a mind movement that outcomes into a specific capacity can be moved to an alternate piece of the cerebrum. This may happen over the span of typical experience or may happen in the course recuperation following cerebrum harm (Draganski, 2006).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The capacity of the mind to re-task an alternate zone following mind harm to one region explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Neuroplasticity frames the premise on which the logical clarification for the treatment of procured cerebrum injury is established. The reclamation of the lost capacities through remedial projects in type of rec overy is accomplished because of the plastic idea of the cerebrum (Frost, Bury, Friel, Plautz, Nudo, 2002). Cortical tissue harm, as might happen following stroke, is generally known to influence the commencement and execution of strong constriction in the furthest points inverse the side of the injury (Winship murphy, 2009). What's more the exact manipulative force and the capacity to handily use the furthest point are normally debilitated. Contingent upon the degree of the injury, a few capacities for the most part return in weeks or months, albeit full recuperation is phenomenal in individuals. There is expanding proof which shows that the arrival of capacity watched following â€Å"cortical injury is to a great extent credited to the versatile pliancy in the staying cortical and sub-cortical engine apparatus† (Black, Cianci, Markokowitz, 2001). For example, the examinations pneurophysiologic and neuroanatomic on creatures and the neuroimaging and other non obtrusive incit ement inquire about investigations directed on people give proof to show that versatile changes occur in the flawless tissues that encompass a cortical infarct (Lazar, Kerr, Wasserman, 2005). In spite of the past convictions, the grown-up cerebrum isn't â€Å"hard wired† with fixed permanent neuronal circuits (Draganski, 2006). There are a few occasions through which the cortex and sub cortex can be revamped as a result of preparing or following a physical issue to the mind. This is bolstered by proof that new synapses can grow even in the grown-up warm blooded animal even at mature age. The exploration discoveries so far have demonstrated this essentially happens in the hippocampus and the olfactory bulb, nonetheless, there is expanding proof that shows that different locales of the cerebrum may experience neurogenesis (Frost, Bury, Friel, Plautz, Nudo, 2002). In many pieces of the cerebrum, dead neurons are not reproduced however the particular capacities are believed to be reestablished. Be that as it may, proof on the dynamic, â€Å"experience-subordinate re-association of the synaptic systems of the cerebrum including various between related structures including the cerebral cortex is lacking† (Kaeser, et al., 2010, p. 13). The particular pathway through which the procedure happens at the atomic level is dependent upon exceptional research.Advertising Searching for look into paper on brain science? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More A few speculations have been progressed to clarify how experience brings about the synaptic association of the cerebrum, one of the hypotheses incorporate the general hypothesis of the psyche and epistemology alluded to as Neural Darwinism which was created by Gerald Edelman (Lazar, Kerr, Wasserman, 2005). Neuroplasticity likewise possesses a main issue in the memory and learning speculations that are described by changes in the structure and capacity of the neurotransmitters through experience (Lazar, Kerr, Wasserman, 2005). Tactile replacement and neuroplasticity is best recollected through crafted by Paul Bach-y-Rita (Lazar, Kerr, Wasserman, 2005). He thought of a mind port while working with a patient whose vestibular framework had been harmed. The â€Å"brain port machine would supplant the patient’s vestibular mechanical assembly by imparting signs to her mind through the tongue† (Winship murphy, 2009, p. 15). The patient utilized the machine for a specific timefr ame and recovered the ordinary capacity. Her experience is best clarified through pliancy since her vestibular framework was confused after delayed gentamicin drug and along these lines was imparting awkward signs to the mind. Utilizing the machine created by Paul narrows her vestibular framework was capable decide new neural pathways that were instrumental in reestablishing the lost capacity. Paul Bach-y-Rita utilized the accompanying relationship to clarify the versatility idea; â€Å"if one is driving starting with one spot then onto the next and the primary scaffold that interfaces the two spots goes out, he will be incapacitated before choosing to take the old farmland streets that are unquestionably shorter† (Winship murphy, 2009). By utilizing these streets increasingly, one will begin getting any place he needed to speed up. In this manner the new settled neural pathways become more grounded with more use. The exposing procedure of the new neural pathways is commonly comprehended to one of the primary head routes through which the plastic cerebrum redesigns itself (Boudrias, Mcpherson, Frost, Cheney, 2010). Another gathering alluded to as the Randy Nudo discovered that if localized necrosis prompts the slicing of blood flexibly to a specific piece of the engine cortex of a monkey, the piece of the body that is invigorated by the influenced mind part will react when adjoining zones are animated (Kaeser, et al., 2010). In one of their examinations, the intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) mapping strategies were applied on nine ordinary monkeys (Draganski, 2006). A portion of the monkeys were exposed to ischemic localized necrosis conventions. The monkeys that experienced ischemic dead tissue held more finger flexion during food recovery and following a while this shortage came back to the levels they were before the activity (Kae

Reno

Reno Reno re ´no , city (1990 pop. 133,850), seat of Washoe co., W Nev., on the Truckee River; inc. 1903. Tourism has been the major industry since gambling was legalized in Nevada in 1931. With its resort facilities, night entertainment, and casinos, Reno is a year-round vacation spot and convention center. It became famous for the quick divorces and marriages that take place there under Nevada's liberal laws. The city's activity has resulted in its slogan the biggest little city in the world. Reno is one of the fastest-growing U.S. cities. It has an international airport and serves as a distribution and warehouse center, where commercial goods can be stored tax-free for nearby manufacturing plants. Concrete, automated gaming systems, Western buckles and accessories, beverage dispensers, and plastic and metal products are manufactured. There is alfalfa processing and mining for gold and silver. The site was once a popular campsite beside a ford on the Donner Pass route to Californ ia; in 1860 a bridge was built. The name Lake's Crossing was changed to Reno when the Central Pacific RR arrived in 1868 and the town was laid out. In the 1990s officials began deemphasizing gambling; one result was the building of the National Bowling Stadium. Reno is the seat of the Univ. of Nevada, with its school of mines museum and Desert Research Institute. Other museums include the Nevada Museum of Art, an automobile museum, and science and historical museums. The city is also the headquarters for the Toiyabe National Forest. Lake Tahoe, Pyramid Lake, and other recreational areas and state parks are in the vicinity. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Reno

Reno Reno re ´no , city (1990 pop. 133,850), seat of Washoe co., W Nev., on the Truckee River; inc. 1903. Tourism has been the major industry since gambling was legalized in Nevada in 1931. With its resort facilities, night entertainment, and casinos, Reno is a year-round vacation spot and convention center. It became famous for the quick divorces and marriages that take place there under Nevada's liberal laws. The city's activity has resulted in its slogan the biggest little city in the world. Reno is one of the fastest-growing U.S. cities. It has an international airport and serves as a distribution and warehouse center, where commercial goods can be stored tax-free for nearby manufacturing plants. Concrete, automated gaming systems, Western buckles and accessories, beverage dispensers, and plastic and metal products are manufactured. There is alfalfa processing and mining for gold and silver. The site was once a popular campsite beside a ford on the Donner Pass route to Californ ia; in 1860 a bridge was built. The name Lake's Crossing was changed to Reno when the Central Pacific RR arrived in 1868 and the town was laid out. In the 1990s officials began deemphasizing gambling; one result was the building of the National Bowling Stadium. Reno is the seat of the Univ. of Nevada, with its school of mines museum and Desert Research Institute. Other museums include the Nevada Museum of Art, an automobile museum, and science and historical museums. The city is also the headquarters for the Toiyabe National Forest. Lake Tahoe, Pyramid Lake, and other recreational areas and state parks are in the vicinity. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Summary Of The Night Football Games - 787 Words

She has long brown hair and a perfect smile. She is stubborn and determined. She is defiantly going where she wants to be. The girl I’m describing is like no other. She is my little sister Lyssa. Lyssa has almond shaped eyes that are the perfect shade of brown, not too light and not too dark. Her hair is down to about the middle of her back and dries stick straight without any hot tools. Her nose is skinny and pointed, and her lips are on the smaller side. Her eye brows have a perfect arch and her teeth are very straight. Lyssa does her makeup very well. I think she could do it professionally if she wanted to. She does her makeup every day. Obviously not because she needs it but because she wants to and she loves it almost as much as she loves being a majorette. Twirling at the Friday night football games is all she has wanted to do since she joined a twirling team in sixth grade. When she found out that the high school she was going to be attending has a team. She knew she had to be on the team. That was one of the first things I seen her work so hard for. Every day for hours she worked on her spins, and routines. She is and inspiration to those around her who can look past her attitude. A lot of people ask how she can be such an inspiration to a nineteen year old she is only fourteen. I answer this question by saying inspiration comes from many places, people, and most importantly the ones close to you. She is my inspiration because for as long as I can remember I haveShow MoreRelatedDeep Zone Book Report881 Words   |  4 PagesZone) 3rd Block Plot Summary The characters are Thane, Ty, Troy, Tate, and Agent Sutherland. Ty is this story’s main character. Thane is his older brother and an NFL star. Ty meets Troy and Tate in Miami at the football tournament. Agent Sutherland is an FBI agent protecting Ty from the mob while Thane is away. The setting is in Miami and in the swamp. At the beginning of the story, they are at a football game, when Thane is going up for a touchdown pass to win the game. He gets taken down byRead MoreResearch Paper On Coach Kon1064 Words   |  5 PagesNotre Dame Football: Coach Kelly and Staff NCAA college football enthusiasts are already placing Notre Dame out of the running at a spot in the College Football Playoff, after their 41-8 loss on a Saturday night. The Fighting Irish immediately dropped from the No.3 top NCAA college team to No. 8. Surprisingly, the Miami Hurricanes (8-0, 6-0 Atlantic Coast Conference) quickly ran through their opponents to face-off the Notre Dame leaders (8-1) within the Hard Rock Stadium in front of the mightyRead MoreReaction Paper on the Blind Side1472 Words   |  6 PagesPlot Summary for The Blind Side  (2009) It was based on the true story of Leigh Anne and Sean Tuohy who take in a homeless teenage African-American, Michael Big Mike Oher. 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On countless nights, his wife withheld sex to make him compliant to her constant demands to care for her family financially. Incidentally, her beauty enamors him so much; he does not have an inclination that he is a victim of mental abuse. Hence, this form of abuse is plagued with â€Å"mind games†. Recently, when divorce seemed inevitable, Bob could not eat nor sleep. In short, this form of abuse mirrorsRead MoreIs The Biggest Fabrication Ever Concocted?850 Words   |  4 Pagesupon, he has to endure her controlling nature, which is a form of emotional abuse. Hence, this form of abuse is plagued with â€Å"mind games†. Additionally, he tolerates the rummaging through his cell phone, wallet, and e-mail messages. Isola tion from his family and his friends is the norm; furthermore, she keeps track of his whereabouts at all times. On countless nights, his wife withheld sex to make him compliant to her constant demands to care for her family financially. Incidentally, her beautyRead MoreDescription Of The Business s Mission, Target Market, And Existing Branding Efforts2593 Words   |  11 PagesTable Of Contents Executive Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...1-2. Introduction Description of the Business†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3-7. Description of the Community†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3-7. Description of the Business’s Mission, Target Market, and Existing Branding Efforts†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....3-7. Research Methods Used in the Study Description and Rationale of Research Methodologies Selected to Conduct the Research Study†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦8-9. Process Used to Conduct the Selected Research Methods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.8-9.

Biography of Dalton Trumbo and the Hollywood Blacklist

â€Å"Are you now, or have you ever been, a member of the Communist Party?† It was a question asked of dozens of people brought before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) in the 1940s and 1950s, and in October of 1947, it was put to Dalton Trumbo, one of Hollywood’s best-known and highest-paid screenwriters. Trumbo and nine others—dubbed the ‘Hollywood Ten’—refused to answer the question on First Amendment grounds This stand for principle came at a steep price: federal prison terms, fines, and worst of all, a place on the  Hollywood blacklist, a prohibition that kept them from working in their chosen profession. Dalton Trumbo spent much of the rest of his life climbing back to the top. The fall from grace was particularly hard for Trumbo, who had  struggled to establish a writing career  and had risen to the upper ranks of the Hollywood studio structure less than a decade earlier. Early Life James Dalton Trumbo was born in Montrose, Colorado on December 5, 1905 and grew up in the nearby town of Grand Junction. His father, Orus, was hardworking but struggled to achieve financial stability. Orus and Maud Trumbo often had difficulty supporting Dalton and his sisters. Trumbo became interested in writing early in life, working as a cub reporter for the Grand Junction newspaper while still in high school. He studied literature at the University of Colorado with the hope of becoming a novelist. Then, in 1925, Orus decided to move the family to Los Angeles in the hopes of finding more lucrative work, and Dalton decided to follow. Within a year of the move, Orus died of a blood disorder. Dalton got what he hoped would be a short-term job at the Davis Perfection Bread Company to help support the family. He ended up staying for eight years, working on novels and short stories in his spare moments. Few were published. His big break came in 1933, when he was offered a job writing for the Hollywood Spectator. This led to a job reading scripts for Warner Brothers in 1934, and by 1935, he was hired as a junior script writer in the B-Picture Unit. Later that year, his first novel, Eclipse, was published. Early Career For the next few years, Trumbo hopped from studio to studio as he mastered his new craft. By the late 1940s, he was earning as much as $4.000 a week—a major improvement over the $18 a week he had earned at the Perfection Bread Company. He wrote over a dozen movies between 1936 and 1945, including Five Came Back, Kitty Foyle, Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo, and A Guy Named Joe. His personal life also flourished. In 1938, he married a former drive-in waitress named Cleo Fincher, and they soon had a family: Christopher, Mitzi, and Nikola. Trumbo bought an isolated ranch in Ventura County as a retreat from Hollywood life. Joining the Communist Party Trumbo had a reputation in Hollywood as an outspoken critic of social injustice. Having been a member of the working class for much of his life, he was passionate about labor rights and civil rights. Like many of his liberal-leaning Hollywood peers, he was eventually drawn towards Communism. His decision to join the Communist Party in December 1943 was a casual one. While not a Marxist, he agreed with many of its general principles. â€Å"People joined the Communist Party for very good, humane reasons, in my view,† he once said. The early 1940s was the high point for Party membership in the United States; Trumbo was one of more than 80,000 â€Å"card-carrying† Communists of the era. He loathed the meetings, which he described as â€Å"dull beyond description and about as revolutionary in purpose as Wednesday evening testimonial services at the Christian Science Church,† but he passionately believed in the Party’s right to exist under a Constitution that afforded Americans the freedom to assemble and to speak. The Hollywood Ten Trumbo’s affiliation was well-known at the time, and he, like other Hollywood Communist Party members, was under FBI surveillance for several years. In September 1947, the family was at their remote ranch when FBI agents arrived with a subpoena to appear before the HUAC. Trumbo’s son Christopher, then seven, asked what was happening. â€Å"We are Communists,† Trumbo said, â€Å"and I have to go to Washington to answer questions about my Communism.† About 40 members of the Hollywood community were issued subpoenas. Most simply complied with HUAC investigators, but Trumbo, along with fellow screenwriters Alvah Bessie, Lester Cole, Albert Maltz, Ring Lardner, Jr., Samuel Ornitz, and John Howard Lawson, directors Edward Dmytryk and Herbert Biberman, and producer Adrian Scott, decided not comply. In a contentious hearing on October 28, 1947, Trumbo repeatedly refused to answer HUAC members’ questions on First Amendment grounds. For his intransigence, he was found in contempt of Congress. He was later convicted on the charges and sentenced to a year in prison. Prisoner #7551 It took three years for the case to work through the appeals process, but Trumbo’s actual punishment began as soon as he returned from the hearings. He and his peers were blacklisted from working for any of the major studios and shunned by many in the Hollywood community. It was a hard time for the family both financially and emotionally, as Cleo Trumbo told People in a 1993 interview. â€Å"We were broke, and we weren’t invited anywhere. People dropped away.† With legal fees draining his savings, Trumbo returned to his B-movie roots and began churning out scripts under various pseudonyms for small studios. He worked right up until the day in June 1950 when he shaved off his signature mustache and flew east to begin his year-long prison term. Trumbo, now known as Prisoner #7551 was sent to the Federal Correctional Institution in Ashland, Kentucky. After almost 25 years of ceaseless work, Trumbo said that he felt â€Å"a sense of almost exhilarating relief† when the doors closed behind him. His stint at Ashland was filled with reading, writing, and light duties. Good behavior won him early release in April 1951. Breaking the Blacklist Trumbo moved the family to Mexico City after his release, hoping to get away from the notoriety and to stretch their reduced income a little further. They returned in 1954. Mitzi Trumbo later described the harassment of her new elementary school classmates when they found out who she was. Throughout the period, Trumbo continued to write for the screenplay black market. He would end up writing around 30 scripts under various pen names between 1947 and 1960. In one two-year span, he wrote 18 scripts at an average payout of $1,700 each. Some of these scripts were very successful. Among his work during this period was the classic romantic comedy Roman Holiday (1953) and The Brave One (1956). Both won Academy Awards for writing—awards that Trumbo couldn’t accept. Trumbo often passed on work to other struggling blacklisters, not only out of generosity but also  to flood the market with so many black-market scripts that the whole blacklist would look like a joke. Later Life and Legacy The blacklist continued to weaken throughout the 1950s. In 1960, director Otto Preminger insisted Trumbo receive a credit for writing the script for the Biblical blockbuster Exodus, and actor Kirk Douglas publicly announced Trumbo had written the script for the historical epic Spartacus. Trumbo adapted the script from a novel by Howard Fast, himself a blacklisted author. Trumbo was readmitted to the Writers Union and from that point on, he was able to write under his own name. In 1975, he received a belated Oscar statuette for The Brave One. He continued to work until he was diagnosed with lung cancer in 1973, and died in Los Angeles on September 10, 1976 at the age of 70. By the time Trumbo died, the blacklist was long broken. Fast Facts Bio Full Name: James Dalton TrumboOccupation: Screenwriter, novelist, political activistBorn:  December 9, 1905 in Montrose, Colorado  Died:  September 10, 1976 in Los Angeles, CaliforniaEducation: Attended  University of Colorado and University of Southern California, no degreeSelected Screenplays: Roman Holiday, The Brave One, Thirty Seconds Over Tokyo, Spartacus, Exodus Novels: Eclipse, Johnny Got His Gun, The Time of the ToadKey Accomplishments:  Joined  nine other Hollywood figures in resisting the anti-Communist House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC). Worked for years under assumed names until he was able to rejoin the Hollywood community.  Spouses Name: Cleo Fincher TrumboChildrens Names: Christopher Trumbo, Melissa Mitzi Trumbo, Nikola Trumbo Sources Ceplair, Larry.. Dalton Trumbo: Blacklisted Hollywood Radical. University Press of Kentucky, 2017.Cook, Bruce. Trumbo. Grand Central Publishing, 2015.

Essay on Critical Analysis of Joyces Araby - 1017 Words

Analysis of â€Å"Araby† In many cultures, childhood is considered a carefree time, with none of the worries and constraints of the â€Å"real world.† In â€Å"Araby,† Joyce presents a story in which the central themes are frustration, the longing for adventure and escape, and the awakening and confusing passion experienced by a boy on the brink of adulthood. The author uses a single narrator, a somber setting, and symbolism, in a minimalist style, to remind the reader of the struggles and disappointments we all face, even during a time that is supposed to be carefree. The setting of the story plays a very important role. The story takes place in the winter, traditionally considered to be a time of darkness and nature’s slumber.†¦show more content†¦In my mind, while reading this story, the setting and the characters seemed very gray to me, with the exception of Mangan’s sister. It is Mangan’s sister that provides â€Å"Araby† with its primary source of conflict. It is evident that she has awoken something in our narrator that is foreign, exotic, and frustrating simultaneously. He describes his fascination with her, and the painful confusion that accompanies his feelings for her: â€Å"Her name sprang to my lips at moments in strange prayers and praises which I myself did not understand† (Gardner 102). Our narrator describes his morning ritual of observing her through a nearly closed blind, thus belying his fascination for her, yet there is innocence in the ritual that is clearly non-sexual, or perhaps pre-sexual. It becomes clear, although the ages of the characters are not given, that our narrator is entering the pre-adolescent stage of his life. He has feelings for Mangan’s sister that he does not quite understand, yet they overwhelm him. The plot is further developed with the introduction of our second conflict, the bazaar ref erred to as â€Å"Araby.† Mangan’s sister describes the bazaar to our narrator, and when he learns that she can not attend, he sees an opportunity to show his affection for her by attending the bazaar in her place, and bringing her a gift to impress her. The gift itself symbolizes what he truly longs to give her, his heart and his affection. The very name of the bazaarShow MoreRelated James Joyce Essay1100 Words   |  5 Pages In selecting James Joyces Ulysses as the best novel of the twentieth century, Time magazine affirmed Joyces lasting legacy in the realm of English literature. James Joyce (1882-1941), the twentieth century Irish novelist, short story writer and poet is a major literary figure of the twentieth-century. Regarded as quot;the most international of writers in English ¡K[with] a global reputation (Attridge, pix), Joyces stature in literature stems from his experimentation with English prose. InfluencedRead MoreAnalysis Of James Joyce s Araby 1246 Words   |  5 Pages16 October 2014 Araby – James Joyce – Critical Analysis - Revision The visual and emblematic details established throughout the story are highly concentrated, with Araby culminating, largely, in the epiphany of the young unnamed narrator. To Joyce, an epiphany occurs at the instant when the spirit and essence of a character is revealed, when all the forces that endure and influence his life converge, and when we can, in that moment, comprehend and appreciate him. As follows, Araby is a story of anRead More The Decline of Chivalry Explored in Araby and AP Essay1211 Words   |  5 Pagesmotive to win hearts of women for centuries. However, as society constantly changes, the effectiveness of these chivalrous acts has diminished. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP†, this theory is explored, both telling the story of a boy whose efforts to impress the girl of their desires fail. As said by Well’s in his critical analysis of these stories, â€Å"Both the protagonists have come to realize that rom antic gestures—in fact, that the whole chivalric view [sic] --- are, in modern timesRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagesï » ¿TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS The purpose of Text Interpretation and Analysis is a literary and linguistic commentary in which the reader explains what the text reveals under close examination. Any literary work is unique. It is created by the author in accordance with his vision and is permeated with his idea of the world. The reader’s interpretation is also highly individual and depends to a great extent on his knowledge and personal experience. That’s why one cannot lay down a fixed â€Å"model†

EAAVN1011 Introduction to Air Transport Industry and Management

Question: Discuss about the Introduction to Air Transport Industry. Answer: Organisations and their roles International Air Transport Association IATA is a private organisation which promotes the worlds scheduled airlines for ensuring secure, safe, economical, and dependable air services, across the globe. It was founded by the end of World War 1 in Hague in the year 1919, and currently it handles 280 airlines from 130 countries. It is worth mentioning that the organisation handles about 95% of the worlds total scheduled air traffic. The structure of IATA defines that the final authority of the association holds with its annual general meeting in which all the active members of the association have an equal vote, and a president is chosen among them in the meeting. Further the decision related to technical aspects of aviation as well as the commercial counter part of the airline industries are taken according to this framed group and its corresponding general body executives. The execution and determination of policy is executed by the Executive Committee which consists of 21 senior executives from the association. International Civil Aviation Organisation ICAO is an organisation which designs and suggests the safety principles and policies for international air transport. It was created by following the signing in the Convention of Chicago on the International Civil Aviation. It consists three primary bodies. The assembly meeting is done in every three years for reviewing the work of organisation and the daily business of ICAO is conducted by the council between the assembly sessions (Lindenthal, 2014) The air navigation commission is the permanent part of the association which is responsible for all technical matters. It is noteworthy to mention that the agency is responsible for aviation development objectives including the strategic progress, safety and air navigation related decision, monitoring the air transport metrics, and audit of States civil aviation capabilities. International traffic rights and air services agreements The International Air Services Transit Agreement (IASTA), includes the first two freedoms that are critical for the airline management aspects. The first freedoms describes the right of flying over any foreign country without landing on it. Member states of the IASTA grant the above freedom to the other member states, which are subjected to transiting aircraft in the assigned air routes (IATA, 2014). The second freedom allows any technical stop without the boarding or landing of the passengers or cargo, which also include emergency control situations. International traffic rights and air services agreements provides the right to land in any country solely for refuelling as well as in emergency conditions, which are for the safety and benefit of commonwealth from any nations (IATA, 2014). The rules and regulations play an important role in the safety and security of the aviation department, as dictated in the report by Vasigh et al. (2013). These elements are necessary in every aspect of the business operation in conjunction with objectives like providing economic regulatory reform. Aviation safety and security also describes the investigation related to flight failures and the act for preventing such failures through education as well as training, regulation and ethical practice. The safety rules in context of air travel can also be informed to the public in the form of campaigns. In particular, the natural elements include lighting, ice or snow, misleading information, fire, and bird strike (Vasigh, Fleming and Tacker, 2013). Likewise, the human factors like piloting while intoxicated, controlled flying during terrain, fatigue of crew members, electromagnetic interference, and terrorism. Industry operational standards, training, and best practice According to a report by Ornato and Peberdy et al. (2014), the airport authority has developed standardised operating procedures for the high-value activities in field. However, the standardisation of these activities have importance as it support critical issues like (i) quality control, (ii) increased efficiency, (iii) ensured the consistency of the air traffic, and (iv) managing safety of commonwealth. Notably, the airline industry is highly regulated in terms of having standard operating procedures, security protocol and timely maintenance and for which the personnel needs can be trained and well informed. E-Learning is an advanced form of paradigm in this consideration which serves as an asset for training employees regarding the changes in operating procedures and technology. Likewise, LMS also serves as an important medium for providing the training related to assigning and tracking for minimizing the duplication of the efforts, especially regarding maintenance of regulation a t various branches, countries and time zone (Ornato and Peberdy, 2014) Ticket pricing, tariffs and financial reconciliation Accorinding to the regulatory issues, the pricing of air tickets have several elements. This include a base price, service tax, and other investment related to corporate social responsibilities such as realated to education, farming, health, and eco friendly approaches (Gustafson, Ivanov and Ritter, 2015) Notably, the commercial interest of airline companies are maintained with respect to base fare, which can be based on dynamic policies, related to market price, and also are based on company's pricing strategies to achieve market competitiveness. On the other hand, the tax and corporate social responsibilities related duties within the scope of pricing are determined and fixed based on the national government policies (Gustafson, Ivanov and Ritter, 2015). Conclusion Over years ICAO has developed a comprehensive facilitation program for eliminating the unnecessary documentary requirements, simplifying the clearance and handling procedures. The programs also helps in liberalisation of requirements for visa for the temporary visitors, provides machine readable passport, and clearance procedure for baggage, mail and cargo. Even IATA have been undergone constant progress in commercial and technical air transport affairs. Its procedures help the passenger to travel from one airline to other in single ticket. It has created air transport as a safer, regular and cheaper option for the public. Recommendation Within the scope of recommendations, the first requirement is linked with training and education for personnel working within the airline industries. This is critical not only for ethical practices but is also required for the safety of customers. Secondly the tax and investment to corporate responsibilities for social cause is required to support government activities for the attainment of community well-being status (Wong and Brooks, 2015). Other than this, the regulations and legislation are framed for the purpose of good practices and to make use of technological advancements for the benefit of society, which must be preserved by all the airline companies (Wong and Brooks, 2015). References Gustafson, M.T., Ivanov, I.T. and Ritter, J., 2015. Financial condition and product market cooperation. Journal of Corporate Finance, 31, pp.1-16. International Air Transport Association, 2014. IATA press release No. 57. Lindenthal, A., 2014. Aviation and climate protection: EU leadership within the International Civil Aviation Organization. Environmental Politics, 23(6), pp.1064-1081. Ornato, J.P. and Peberdy, M.A., 2014. Applying lessons from commercial aviation safety and operations to resuscitation. Resuscitation, 85(2), pp.173-176. Vasigh, B., Fleming, K. and Tacker, T., 2013. Introduction to air transport economics: from theory to applications. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. Wong, S. and Brooks, N., 2015. Evolving risk-based security: A review of current issues and emerging trends impacting security screening in the aviation industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 48, pp.60-64.

A Rock in water By Winsome Pinnock Essay Example

A Rock in water By Winsome Pinnock Paper For our explorative piece of text we perused through a play known as A rock in water by Winsome Pinnock. When I first found out we were going to be looked through the play itself is a non fiction documented life about a woman acknowledged as Claudia Jones; who dreams of being a dancer as a child, yet leads her life performing as a campaigner for people who had given up on fighting. It is a narrative play which is cyclic as it has a cyclical structure and it seems to return to important themes throughout the acts. This can create an impact because the themes become triggered in the audiences mind, making them remember these main concepts of the play. The first scene is an example of this, as it is the start of the cyclic trend; this scenes show the main character Claudia as a child with her mother, sitting waiting for the sun to rise, which is an important image of the play as it symbolises life and it creates a positive beginning to the play, causing the audience to assume the play is upbeat. For this opening scene we carried out some forum theatre so we could break down the first scene and be able to develop staging and using techniques to create a piece of drama. For this scene Ope was in charge as director while Robyn took on the role of the young Claudia while khadeja played the mother. We started off by reading through the scene so we could begin generating ideas about the themes and the characters. Ope gave khadeja the idea of standing to show she had more status than her daughter, this could show how the mother figure is considered more powerful than the child. We will write a custom essay sample on A Rock in water By Winsome Pinnock specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Rock in water By Winsome Pinnock specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Rock in water By Winsome Pinnock specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Robyn was then told to slouch a bit to present her as bored and tired, she displayed this by pretending to yawn and keeping her eyes half closed, this gave the impression that she was drained. Ope also took suggestions from the class. Another thing we explored was the diverse type of themes in the play. These were discussed throughout the class so we had a feel of what themes affected Claudias life. Some of these included the role of status as this was a main theme of Claudias life as well, this interlinked with the racial differences back then in hich could relate to a culture clash and the difficulties of being the less dominating sex, and how class can change peoples perception of a particular person and create segregation. Also imagery is a big theme as there are two types of constant imagery with strong links to the play, the bird and the sun are the main pieces of imagery because they resemble freedom and a sense of protection and care. (The spider diagram can be found in the appendices) One other thing that was discussed was the title of the play itself: A Rock in Water. This was again discussed as a whole class because we wanted to try define the reason for this sentence being used as the plays title. My first initial reaction was that it was based around conflicting sides; I referred to the sea when it appears to be violent and rough when it crashes against a strong object like rocks. When theres a crash I used the term conflicting action to resemble not just a tide but peoples conflicting actions like in A Rock in Water. Others in the class considered the concept of the rock sinking into the water, this could represent a person being engulfed into society. Others thought of this concept as a way to explain erosion and a pebble in thick mud. Also class members thought of the title as, A stream trying to move a rock which was too strong. Scenes 2 and 3 demonstrate a juxtaposition of themes as they are contrasting scenes. Scene 2 displays imagery in a bird representing freedom while scene 3 shows death of A close relation. Scene two introduces the character of Ben who is considered the closest friend Claudia will ever have. Scene two was explored through forum theatre with Andrea taking on the role of Claudia while Ben was played by e firstly did a read through so we could get to grips with the play. It was then decided to make Andrea appear secretive to begin with by shielding the bird in her hands so Ben couldnt see; this displayed a sign of affection and a protective side of the character Claudia Jones. She showed her affection by constantly watching the bird and gently touching it. This presented Claudia as gentle and caring. Playing Ben kept looking over to catch a peep of the bird and began to sulk when he didnt get his own way. The fight towards the end is a powerful part of the scene as it shows the racial differences back then when Ben states well your too big, black and ugly to be a dancer. This part links with scene three as it shows the bird dying; this could have a metaphorical meaning, as it also resembles the loos of freedom back then; which relates to the life of Claudia when she is imprisoned. Scene three demonstrates the difficulties back then for people who were considered outcasts for being a different race. This scene shows how Claudias mother dies at work due to overworking so she can care for her family. We read through this scene so we could fully understand it. This also shows how naive the child Claudia is as she believes that she can be a dancer, but the reality is that back then a person of her colour would be washing white womans filth. One thing we did to understand the character Claudia a bit more was to establish words to describe her and then to produce a sound collage including these words. I will describe this in further detail in the Development phase. Claudia Jones was born on the 15th February 1915, in Belmont, Trinidad. She was a feminist, political activist, Black Nationalist, journalist and communist in the US. One reason she is remembered here in the UK is for her contribution to the Notting Hill Carnival. When she was eight years of age she moved to Harlem, New York; her mother sadly died five years later. Claudia was struck down with TB (Tuberculosis) in 1932 because of the poor living conditions she had to endure for the rest of her life. She lived in New York for almost 30 years, becoming an active member of local Communist politics, and in 1941, at the age of 25. She became the National Director of the YCL. By 1948 Jones had been elected to the National Committee of the Communist Party of the USA and become the editor of the column Negro Affairs for the partys paper the Daily Worker. Soon she had become an experienced public speaker on human and civil rights, giving speeches to increasingly large crowds. She travelled around the country to attend various political events, however soon her activities and rousing speeches began to attract the attention of the authorities. This was at a time when the U. S. was experiencing the McCarthy witch-hunts and anti-communist hysteria, which is now known as McCarthyism. In total she was arrested and imprisoned four times by the U. S. government. In 1955 she was deported from the U. S. , and given asylum in England. In London during the late 1950s the cultural and social pressures were coming to a head. Racist gangs and supporters of Oswald Moseleys White Defence League were leading attacks on members of the Afro-Caribbean community. In May 1958 tensions reached a new high, which resulted in the Notting Hill race riots, and the murder of a young Antiguan man, Kelso Cochrane (by six white men who have never been charged). Claudia became very active in the campaigns to defend the Black community and involved herself in local politics, as well as joining the British Communist Party. She founded and edited The West Indian Gazette which was a strong vehicle for her ongoing campaign for equal opportunities for black people. She was embraced by the British Afro-Caribbean community, and become one of the most charismatic Black leaders of her day. Claudia Jones lasting contribution in the UK is the Notting Hill Carnival. In 1959 she helped to launch Mardi-Gras celebrations, an annual showcase for Afro-Caribbean talent. These early events were held in halls and were epitomised by the slogan, A peoples art is the genesis of their freedom. These celebrations grow in popularity each year. Claudia Jones died on Christmas Eve 1964 aged just 49, due to a heart condition and tuberculosis. She died alone and broke, and it was around 48 hours before her body was discovered. She is buried in Highgate Cemetery next to Karl Marx. The National Union of Journalists Black Members Council holds a prestigious annual Claudia Jones Memorial Lecture every October, during Black History Month, to honour Jones and celebrate her contribution to Black-British journalism. Development Phase: The sound college directed by Verity and Andrea, symbolises the fundamental designations that Claudia was given, these included political activist, daughter, journalist, friend, campaigner, communist, and many more. Verity and Andrea bequeathed us with a separate line from everyone to illustrate the differences between each one. I was provided with the phrase TB sufferer; this exhibited her weak physical side however mentally she was a strong willed person. A numerous amount of people suggested that our formation should be presented as a heart because it displayed that everything she achieved and accomplished in life was from her heart. We introduced our piece by facing outwards while in the heart formation, we held a picture of Claudia Jones to the audience to show that this sound collage was about her. We then took it in turns to say our word out loud to create the sound. When we said our word we then turned inwards to face the inside of her heart. This showed how the heart is a metaphorical symbol as it can signify many things. When we said our word we turned our picture of Claudia over to present the word printed in bold. I feel that it was an acceptable performance although it needed to be improved because I dont believe that we deposited a lot of effort into it. Also we could have spoke at the same time to construct a collage rather than a word by word account of who she was.

The basic reasons for the collapse of the soviet Essay Example

The basic reasons for the collapse of the soviet Essay Example The basic reasons for the collapse of the soviet Essay The basic reasons for the collapse of the soviet Essay Introduction This paper discusses the grounds behind the prostration of socialism in Europe. The first portion analyses the internal decay by looking at the economic system, inefficiency of the system, suppression, denial and dishonesty, patriotism, Brezhnev epoch, resistance every bit good as the Gorbachev epoch. The 2nd portion analyses external taint, concentrating on western influence and the function of faith. Finally, the paper describes the domino effect , which led to entire prostration of the socialist governments. INTERNAL DECAY Economy Probably the most of import long-run implicit in inadequacy of the province socialist societies was the autumn in the rates of economic growth ( Lane 1996:152 ) . Harmonizing to Brown ( 1991 ) , the system had non been able to set up rational and satisfactory criterions of life and run into the lifting popular outlooks. The economic theoretical account which was adopted was cardinal planning, corporate agriculture, province ownership and centralized direction of the production and distribution system. This resulted in omnipresent genteel poorness for the multitudes ( Neimanis 1997 ) . The industrial and technological advancement neer created a sufficiency of consumer goods and services and the criterion of life got stuck in communal flats and long lines in shops. The state of affairs across Eastern Europe was made even more hard in 1980s, with the Soviet Union unable to supply economic aid due to its ain crisis ( Brown 1991 ) . The socialist provinces were non able to guarantee freed om from unemployment, the one promise they lived up to throughout their being ( Glenny 2004 ) . When Gorbachev was elected secretary of the communist party of the Soviet Union in 1985, he inherited an tremendous backlog of jobs ( Dawisha 1990 ) . The bulk of the scientific community’s attempts have been directed at military demands and the Soviet weaponries buildup was excessively expensive to keep ( Longworth 1994 ) . Neither overall economic returns nor indirect costs to wellness and environment were given adequate accent. The public assistance system had become excessively dearly-won. Furthermore, it could no longer afford to subsidize the remainder of the axis with inexpensive energy that was frequently supplied on recognition. Harmonizing to Kotz ( 1995:2 ) , the recent rejection of planning and public belongings by many socialists appears to derive from the belief that the cause of the prostration of province socialism was its trust on economic planning and/or public belongings, with really limited functions for markets or private property . Inefficiency The system failed to call up ( Neimanis 1997 ) . It failed to choose skilled people for cardinal places. Harmonizing to Columbus ( 1998 ) , the educational system was successful in bring forthing intellectuals, but the planning and labor market system was unable to offer them an tantamount occupation. Peoples did non hold to work really hard and it was this disaffection from work and personal duty that created cancerous inefficiencies that finally killed the system(Neimanis 1997, Lane 1996) .Furthermore, callings were closely dependent upon the party which used this as their vehicle to remain in power ( Kupferberg 1999 ) . Harmonizing to Kotz ( 1998 ) , the governments were a deformed signifier of socialism, in that it was run by a privileged party-state elite and it had inhibitory, undemocratic and hierarchal characteristics that were foreign to socialism. Suppression Brown ( 1991 ) argues that for the remainder of Eastern Europe, the fact that socialism was regarded as foreigner in kernel and alien-imposed was a basic ground for its eventual failure. The government was imposed by Soviet forces of weaponries. In 1968, Breznev called for a soviet-led invasion against reform in Czechoslovakia, known as the Prague Spring, signaling Moscow’s refusal to let any Eastern European government to seek to renew itself. This, nevertheless, ensured a quicker death for socialism and its entire prostration in 1989. This is why in Yugoslavia and Albania, the merely two Eastern European states who did non hold Soviet-imposed systems, socialism was still lasting by the terminal of 1989. Harmonizing to Kupferberg ( 1999 ) , socialism neer asserted that sort of clasp over the Black Marias and heads of the population in Eastern Europe. They bribed and coaxed its citizens into obeisance, non defying until each and every one of them was personally committed to as sisting the province to last. Denial and Dishonesty Under the Soviet government, the leading at all degrees rarely learned from experience because failures and defects were systematically denied ( Neimanis 1997:3 ) . The public media reported and the instruction system substantiated and legitimised the studies that the USSR marched from success to success. Harmonizing to the Soviet imperativeness and official statistics, no serious accidents, no serious offense, and really few natural catastrophes occurred. That is why Khrushchev’s address at the 20ThursdayParty Congress in 1956, in which he revealed and denounced Stalin’s offenses, perfectly stunned the party members. The Communist party leadings refused to acknowledge that the working category lived in more seamy conditions, take a breathing in more detrimental air and imbibing more toxic H2O, than western working category ( Glenny 2004 ) . Denial and dishonesty continued during Brezhnev’s reign, including prevarications about indigence in the West. Patriotism Nationalism bit by bit filled the nothingness in thought in the districts of the USSR and some of the Eastern European provinces ( Lane 1996:173 ) . Harmonizing to Glenny ( 2004 ) , the Eastern Europe was non a cultural and political monolith. The rebellions in East Germany, Poland, Hungary and Czechoslovakia from 1953 to 1981 demonstrated the mutual exclusiveness between Soviet involvements and East European national aspirations ( Glenny 2004, Brown 1991 ) . The more they were suppressed, the more deadly and utmost resistance became ( Dawisha 1990 ) . When the drape came down, national symbols that had been adapted by the Communist party were restored to their original signifier. The ties that used to adhere the Eastern European states loosened about nightlong. The 1989 was the finest hr of Eastern European patriotism, when the natural desire for release was expressed through a reaffirmation of national identity ( Glenny 2004:204 ) . As National and cultural tensenesss continued to show Gorbachev with some of his most hard political jobs, many of the cultural jobs facing the USSR resulted from comparative success in raising the educational degrees, increasing the economic complexness, and using the function of media in national countries ( Balzer 1991, Neimanis 1997 ) . New elites in these parts, instead than showing gratitude to Moscow, became progressively self-asserting. In 1980s more extremist reforms called for abolition of the cardinal program and cultural and political liberty ( Neimanis 1997 ) . Lithuania declared independency in 1990, while Estonia and Latvia started to move as independent provinces. In August 1991 there was a push to reconstruct the floundering system but the multitudes and the ground forces did non react. This asserts that they judged the system as non deserving keeping. Brezhnev Harmonizing to Brown ( 1991 ) , it was Brezhnev who destroyed whatever attractive forces communism as an political orientation still retained. However active he was, nil positive came out of his actions. His scheme led to an economic catastrophe in the 1980s. Furthermore, he ever made bad judgements of a crisis. In 1967 he failed to detect that the spring was coming and subsequently he was slow in gaining that it had arrived. In 1976, he was ready to shut his eyes and listen to Pole president Gierek’s bland reassurances. Resistance The insufficiency of resource direction led to a crisis in the loyalty-solidarity system ( Lane 1996:156 ) . Significant groups of people felt that the wagess did non fit the needed outgo of energy and committedness. The economic failure and force per unit areas from the Soviet Union stimulated and amalgamate social resistance in most Eastern European states. After the soviet-led invasion in Czechoslovakia in 1968, force per unit area for alteration did non arise from within the system but from the exterior, in the streets, the mills and in the circles of ill-affected intellectuals ( Brown 1991 ) . It brought together intellectuals, immature people and many workers. The Magyar Revolution in 1956 was the first act of the play of Eastern Europe and socialist regulation. Furthermore, Solidarity, a Polish phenomenon, was a effect of the suppression of the Czechoslovakian reform in 1968. Polish intellectuals cooperated with the workers in order to put up and rede the Solidarity. The growi ng of the population, the rise in degrees of urbanization and the quality of instruction created a big professional center category, and immature coevalss more receptive to thoughts of the market ( Lane 1996 ) . It was dissenters and their thoughts that influenced Gorbachev’s reforms ( Horvath 2005, Balzer 1991 ) . They violated long-standing tabu and put new criterions of bravery. Gorbachev borrowed the term glasnost’ obviously from the dissenters. After two decennaries of their protest, constructs of democracy, human rights, the regulation of jurisprudence and glasnost were widely understood. The perestroika old ages were dominated by publications like Glasnost and Ekspress-Khronica, which were founded and edited by dissenters. The resistance besides in secret came from within the authorities itself. Harmonizing to Longworth ( 1994 ) , the flicker which ignited the Czech revolution, the decease of a pupil demonstrator at the custodies of the constabulary, was faked by KGB agents working in concurrence with the Czech secret constabulary. Gorbachev The concluding phase of the prostration of the Soviet Union had been coming since 1985 when Mikhail Gorbachev came to power and initiated his policies of openness and restructuring ( Longworth 1994 ) . The kindling was already at that place, but it needed Mikhail Gorbachev to illume it ( Brown 1991:4 ) . He called for practical strengthening of socialism in all domains: economic, political and religious ( Balzer 1991 ) , every bit good as the edifice of dealingss with Eastern European states ( Dawisha 1990 ) . There were, nevertheless, a few cardinal issues. The restructuring enabled the engagement of civil society ( Balzer 1991 ) . Gorbachev besides met with church leaders and encouraged the turning activism by many spiritual groups. Informal administrations excessively became a major characteristic of restructuring , going a critical portion of political life and a preparation land for new political militants. In October 1989, the Communist party of the Soviet Union besides decided to abandon its political monopoly in relation to other Eastern European provinces. Harmonizing to Kotz ( 1998 ) , the attempt to reform the Soviet economic system created conditions in which a pro-capitalist alliance arose in Soviet society. This alliance gained strength during 1989-1991, eventually taking power at the terminal of 1991, including most of the clerisy, plus the shadow economic system operators. The party-state elite had come to dwell chiefly of people interested in power and stuff privileges, which were limited compared to those of the category that runs the capitalist systems of the West. Leveling the old system and replacing it with capitalist economy enabled them to go proprietors, instead than directors of the economic system, with a large expected addition in personal wealth. EXTERNAL CONTEMINATION Western Influence The really being of Western Europe was a destabilising factor in the East ( Brown 1991 ) . Detente was in topographic point to supply a safe conformance in Eastern Europe. However, Detente had ever weakened socialism ( Brown 1991 ) . The decennary of detente in the seventiess tended to do some governments obliged to the West, particularly in the economic sense, and therefore more tolerant of social dissent than they would otherwise hold been ( Brown 1991:26 ) . The rise in the degrees of mass communications informed the people about life in the West, which became for them the ideal ( Lane 1996 ) . Western plans became accessible in the GDR, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and the Baltic provinces through telecasting. Video recording equipments gave entree to Western movies. The dad compulsion and wind devotedness were large parts of the multinational ethos. Much more unsafe and insurgent was the nexus between this musical passion and the sound and videocassette phenomenon, as they were used for more direct political propaganda ( Brown 1991 ). Furthermore, the West imposed between itself and the East a assortment of limitations and trade barriers that kept a tight palpebra on commercial ties ( Glenny 2004 ) . The West used political standards to make up ones mind which states would be granted good trading agreements, using political force per unit areas on Eastern European states. One of the most powerful facets of western influence was the indebtness of Eastern European authoritiess to the West ( Glenny 2004 ) . The Poles, Hungarians, Romanians, Bulgarians and the Former Yugoslav provinces accepted the offer of big credits in 1970s. Almost all ordinary Eastern Europeans have suffered badly from debt. By mid 1989, merely 6 months before Ceausescu’s autumn, Romania had paid off most of its debt but merely at the cost of an dismaying squeezing on life criterions that had left the population cold, hungry and finally ready for revolution. ( Glenny 2004 ) Religion By the terminal of 1970s, faith was playing an progressively of import function by pulling turning Numberss to it ( Brown 1991 ) . In Poland Catholicism had historically been interwoven with patriotism, as it had in Slovakia and Croatia. The election of John Paul II immeasurably strengthened the assurance of the Poles. THE DOMINO EFFECT The Collapse of Socialism The 1989, revolutions in Eastern Europe could non hold occurred without the beginnings of revolution in the Soviet policy toward Eastern Europe ( Brown 1991, Longworth 1994 ) . Developments in the Soviet Union made the Eastern European revolutions both inevitable and successful. Gorbachev’s unfavorable judgment of conditions in the USSR and his call for extremist reform automatically legitimised unfavorable judgment of bing governments and policies in Eastern Europe. Since the Soviet Union itself was rejecting the ideological rigidnesss of Marxism-Leninism , giving range to democratic resistance and encouraging free endeavor and foreign investing, it was no longer allow for its orbiters to retain the old patterns. They wanted non socialism but democracy, non the East but the west, non a new relationship with the Soviet Union but their ain independency, with every bit small of the Soviet connexion as geopolitical worlds would permit ( Brown 1991:54 ) . It was so that the domino es began to fall. One by one, most of the socialists’ authoritiess in the Eastern Europe collapsed ( Longworth 1994 ) . Poland and Hungary went foremost, followed by GDR and Czechoslovakia, and so Bulgaria and Romania. Decision The first ground for the prostration of socialism in Europe was internal decay. Harmonizing to The system had non been able to set up higher criterions of life and run into lifting popular outlooks. The system was besides inefficient, neglecting to call up and promote personal duty. Socialism was regarded as foreigner in kernel and imposed on in Eastern Europe. Failures and defects were systematically denied. Eastern Europe was non a cultural and political monolith and there was an mutual exclusiveness between Soviet involvements and East European national aspirations. It was Brezhnev’s incapableness that destroyed whatever attractive forces communism as an political orientation still retained. Actions and thoughts of dissenters influenced Gorbachev’s reforms that led to the prostration of the socialism in the Soviet Union. The 2nd ground for the prostration of socialism in Europe was external influence. The presence of Western civilization, enabled through mass communications, had annihilating effects. Furthermore, the West-imposed limitations and trade barriers applied political force per unit areas on Eastern European states. One of the most powerful facets of Western influence was the indebtness of Eastern European authoritiess to the West. Religion by the terminal of 1970s was playing an progressively of import portion, pulling turning Numberss to its different signifiers. Socialism eventually collapsed in Europe due to domino effect . Gorbachev’s unfavorable judgment of conditions in the USSR and his call for extremist reform automatically legitimised unfavorable judgment of bing governments and policies in Eastern Europe. Bibliography Balzer, H.D. ( 1991 ) ,Five Old ages that Shook the World: Gorbachev’s unfinished revolution.Westview Press. Brown, J.F. ( 1991 ) .Rush to Freedom: The terminal of communist regulation in Eastern Europe.Duke University Press. Columbus, F. ( 1998 ) .Central and Eastern Europe in Passage: Volume 1 ( erectile dysfunction. ) .Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Dawisha, K. ( 1990 ) .Eastern Europe, Gorbachev, and Reform: The great challenge ( ed. ) .Cambridge University Press. Glenny, M. ( 2004 ) .The Rebirth of History: Eastern Europe in the age of democracy.Penguin Books. Horvath, R. ( 2005 ) .The Legacy of Soviet Dissent.Taylor and Francis Group. Kotz, D.M. ( 1995 ) .Lessons for a Future Socialism from the Soviet Collapse.Review of Radical Political Economics, Vol.27, Iss.3, pp.1-11. Kupferberg, F. ( 1999 ) .The Break-Up of Communism in East Germany and Eastern Europe.St. Martin’s Press Inc. Lane, D. ( 1996 ) .The Rise and Fall of State Socialism.Polity Press. Longworth, P. ( 1994 ) .The Making of Eastern Europe.The MacMillan Press LTD. Neimanis, G.J. ( 1997 ) .The Collapse of the Soviet Empire: A position from Riga.Praeger, UK.

Urgent & Unscheduled Care Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Urgent & Unscheduled Care - Essay Example Urgent care centres shall be open on a continuous and 24-hour basis. Unscheduled care can be defined not only as the professional care, but also as the social care provided to a patient who cannot be ignored. The need of the unscheduled care is not pre-planned or an appointment with a professional. The concept says that the demand for unscheduled care can possibly incur at any time and the services should be provided in order to fulfil the demands of the one in need. Whenever contacted for, the unscheduled care shall be available. It gives the framework that if the unscheduled care is delayed, it can result in the loss of time or long term illness (Hill 34). The urgent and unscheduled care may have five levels of care at which they are operable. The levels of care are organized in the way of their priorities and type of care required. As the complexity of the problem increases, the volumes of such patients coming for urgent need decreases. This is because the more complex the problem of the patient will be, the more planned and organized the treatment will be for which there is scheduled care. The levels of care are a strategic framework according to which the hospitals and walk in centres prepare their equipment and professionals. The first level of urgent care is the self care. This means the patient is capable enough to provide himself with the immediate care needed, for example an injury happens, so the patient himself washes it, applies an antiseptic and puts on a band-aid. Self care can be provided by the nearby people or family members too. At times self care is provided by professionals through techniques such as the phone and internet. In some countries there are medical professionals who are available on the phone and internet 24 hours a day, so the patient can get the best urgent treatment at home if getting to the hospital may take long (Laird, Wardrope 278). The second level of care is

Special needs- children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Special needs- children - Essay Example By this system the people who were excluded will be reached and will be provided with a safe and comfortable environment, in which they will grow all together leaning cooperation. I belief true inclusion provides an opportunity to the children and youth with special needs to develop a sense of belongingness through nurturing relationship outside their family, acquiring the knowledge of support system and access to community. The children without special need can also benefit from this inclusion by getting acquainted to the atmosphere of value diversity. Previously the schools did not address the issue of varied learning style for the children instead they have one size fit for all curriculum that did not included the children with special need. To change this and to promote inclusion special education legislation and research has developed special services that will provide service and placement to all students regardless of their disability. Inclusion of special need children is a very controversial topic but my personal experience says that it leads to a substantial affect on the upbringing of a child. On this note I would like to share one of my personal e xperiences, which makes me belief like this. One of my friend’s son was suffering from Partial Autism. Though he was fine in communication but he lack some of the normal communications like he used to repeat the same sentence again and again. Whatever his parents said he didn’t paid attention towards them instead he did things as per his own wish. My friend consulted many doctors but there was no improvement. He got him admitted to a school where inclusion was followed. It worked as a miracle. He has now got his own friend circle, which makes him learn the normal ways of talking, playing and writing. He gets the feel of the normal society which he was devoid of before. He has now become more confident than before. Now he has started listening to his parents and follows their instructions. I

Case Study: Knee Injury Treatment

Case Study: Knee Injury Treatment Short case summary: 25 years old, female injured her right knee during basketball game. PCP evaluated her, gave her non-steroidal anti-inflammatory with P.T referral. Patient came 2 days after injury, with knee swelling and locking. . Patient pain and mechanism of injury are consistent with a medial meniscus injury. Diagnostic test: McMurrays test, was Positive with palpable click. Reliability of McMurrays test: Evans ET. al1 demonstrated a low level of agreement between the two examiners with inter-tester agreements ranging from poor for reproduction of a medial sensation (Kappa = à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢0.10) to fair (K = +0.38) for lateral pain. Validity of McMurrays test: shortage of statistics in the literature increased the risk that the positive test criteria can change the test outcome, irrespective of whether the test was performed in the same manner on the same patient.1 I will change my first choice. McMurrays test alone is weak diagnostic tool for medial meniscus injury, the review2 has demonstrated that the inter-tester reliability and sensitivity (sensitivity ranged from 27% to 70%, specificity figures (29-96%) of the McMurrays test is relatively low. Another reading meta-analysis3,supported to use joint line tenderness test, McMurrays test, and Apleys test. I will add the other two tests to get strong diagnostic evidence for medial meniscus injury. Three special tests-McMurrays, joint line tenderness (JLT), and Apleys were included in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity of McMurrays test is 70.5 (95% CI: 67.4 to 73.4) and its specificity of 71.1 (95% CI: 69.3 to 72.9). Joint line tenderness sensitivity of 63.3 (95% CI: 60.9 to 65.7) and its specificity of 77.4 (95% CI: 75.6 to 79.1). Sensitivity of Apleys test is 60.7 (95% CI: 55.7 to 65.5) and its specificity of 70.2 (95% CI: 68.0 to 72.4). Another reading4 supported Thessaly Test at 5 and 20 degrees (Evidence obtained from high quality randomized controlled trials, prospective studies, or diagnostic studies). Intervention: therapeutic exercises to restore muscular strength and aerobic fitness. I found two evidences for therapeutic exercise intervention. I think both are strong evidences. First one4: The supervised exercise group was significantly better than the home-based group regarding Sports Activity Rating scale and hop tests (Evidence level B).the same guidelines recommended that, Clinicians should consider a clinic-based exercise program in patients following arthroscopic meniscectomy to increase quadriceps strength and functional performance(Evidence level B). The second evidence5was meta-analysis and systematic review reported that: No studies described the effectiveness of exercise therapy compared to no exercise therapy in non-surgical patients with a meniscal lesion. I will not change my previous decision about therapeutic exercise as the main choice intervention for two reasons: First, the clinical guidelines support that choice with level B evidence. Second reason: although the second study is systematic review, meta-analysis study It didnt introduce a strong alternative to my choice. Outcome measure: lower extremity function scale (LEFS SCALE): The test evaluate the impairment of a patient with lower extremity musculoskeletal condition or disorders. Test measures initial function, progress of function, and outcome to design functional goals. In my case I use the LEFS for medial meniscus injury outcomes. Questionnaire is asked about 4 level of performance in 20 task questions that patient perform in daily life. Minimal score is 0(complete disability) and maximum score is 80(complete functional level) Minimal Detectable Change (MDC)6:Various Lower Extremity Injuries (medial meniscus injury): MDC= 9 points. Minimally Clinically Important Difference (MCID)6: Various Lower Extremity Injuries: MCID = 9 points. According to, Binkley ET al6. The LEFS isvalid compared to the SF-36 in target population, and reliable. The LEFS Sensitivity to outcome change was higher than the SF-36 in this population. The LEFS is applicable for clinical situations for individual patients and research. LEFS SCALE reliability: Test-retest Reliability, Various Lower Extremity Injuries: Excellent test-retest reliability for the entire sample (r = 0.86; 95% lower limit CI = 0.80) 6. Interrater/Intra-rater Reliability: Various Injuries of Lower Extremity: Excellent interrater reliability (r = 0.84)6 LEFS SCALE validity: Construct Validity: Various Lower Extremity Injuries: Excellent correlations between the LEFS scores and the SF-36 physical function subscale and physical component summary scores (r = 0.80; 95% lower limit CI=.73) and (r = 0.64; 95% lower limit CI = 0.54), Poor correlation between the LEFS scores and the SF-36 mental component summary scores (r = 0.30; 95% lower limit CI = 0.14)6 Another reference reported that, Lower Extremity Functional Scale may be an alternative to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical function scale. I will not change the outcomes measurement (LEFS) for knee injuries, I personally, prefer LEFS scale for its ease way and quick appliance to the patient. More than one strong study support high evidence, validity and reliability of LEFS. : The LEFS has good measurement properties: test- retest reliability and cross-sectional construct validity and it could be an alternative to WOMAC-PF If I change the outcomes measure Ill use Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC).Comparison between WOMAC scale and LEFS scale showed approximate results of strong evidence according to validity and reliability to the both scales. References: Evans PJ, Bell GD, Frank CY. Prospective evaluation of the McMurray test. Am J Sports Med. 1993; 21:604-608 Hing, W.,white, S.,Reid,D.,et al. Validity of the McMurrays Test and Modified Versions of the Test: A Systematic Literature Review,. J Man Manip. Ther. 2009; 17(1): 22-35.doi: 10.1179/106698109790818250 Meserve BB, Cleland JA, Boucher TR A meta-analysis examining clinical test utilities for assessing meniscal injury, Clinical Rehabilitation 2008 Feb;22(2):143-61. doi:10.1177/0269215507080130. Logerstedt D, Mackler L., Ritter R, et al., Clinical Practice Guidelines Linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health from the Orthopedic Section of the American Physical Therapy Association J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009:39 Swart N.M. , Oudenaarde K., Reijnierse M., et al., Effectiveness of exercise therapy for meniscal lesions in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2016-12-01, Volume 19, Issue 12, Pages 990-998. Binkley JM, Stratford PW, Lott SA, et al., The Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS): scale development, measurement properties, and clinical application. North American Orthopedic Rehabilitation Research Network. Phys Ther. 1999 Apr; 79(4):371-83). Pua YH, Cowan SM, Wrigley TV, et al., The Lower Extremity Functional Scale could be an alternative to the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index physical function scale, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 62 (2009) 1103e1111). Attending Residential Schools among Aboriginal People: PTSD Attending Residential Schools among Aboriginal People: PTSD Son Ian Lam Psychological Traumas of attending residential schools among aboriginal people Outline Introduction: Percentage of Indian Residential school students experienced abuse and maltreatment Psychological disorder IRS survivors frequently diagnosed with: Post traumatic stress disorder, residential syndrome, and historic trauma. Body: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): PTSD affect patients by several aspects: physical, physiological, mental, and spiritual. Defense mechanism of PTSD patients How the defense mechanism affect their relationship with family and daily life (inability to make decisions) Residential school syndrome (RSS): Definition of RSS Symptoms of RSS RSS affect intergeneration Historic trauma Definition of HT Symptoms of HT Difference between HT and RSS IRS survivors suffer more pain than other aboriginal people? Some IRS survivors did not be abuse while native people in reserve suffer from no freedom and abuse Only little part of IRS survivors did not experience maltreatment, most of them suffer from no freedom, maltreatment and depressed. Conclusion Experiences of IRS survivors lead to various mental problem which come with them the lifetime Those mental problem would affect intergeneration which would contribute to a vicious cycle To heal IRS survivors, first of all, we need to provide an environment with respect and no discrimination Introduction Indian Residential schools (IRS) are notoriously known as isolating and assimilating native people in Canada during 1800s to 1996. According to Robertson, a study of IRS attendee in British Columbia in 1991 indicated that 48% of former students had come across sexual abuse, 32% of them refused to answer, only a few of them claimed that they did not experience any abuse (2006). Along with the last residential school closed at 1996, the last cluster of students left the school and the government undertook the responsibilities of IRS, however, what had happened in IRS were irreversible. The experiences undergone in IRS were detrimental to those school attendee. The majority of IRS students were enduring psychological problems: post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), residential school syndrome (RSS), and historic trauma (Robertson, 2006). Post-traumatic stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most common diagnosis in former IRS students, stood for approximately 64%. Symptoms of PTSD is partially similar to RSS but PTSD would influence not only psychological aspect, but also physically, emotionally, physiologically, and spiritually torture a PTSD patient. According to Sochting, Corrado, et al, the majority of IRS students conformed to the symptoms of complex PTSD: impairment in regulating affective impulses, in particular, anger directed at both self and others, chronic self-destructive behaviors, such as self-mutilation, eating disorder, or substance abuse. Some of IRS survivors also indicated that they had a chronic headache, heart problem, and arthritis (2007). Additionally, they would develop defense mechanisms to protect themselves not to experience the tragedy again, such as suppression, inability to express or acknowledge their feelings, and stopping mechanism. Suppression is a mechanism that would contribute to gap memo ries and patients would become apartness and inferior; and stopping mechanism is shutting off their feeling or bodily functions related to the experiences in IRS (Chansonneuve, 2005). These mechanisms affect PTSD patients in various ways, for example, their relationship with other: a female IRS survivor elaborated how she hurt her children because of lacking empathy after traumatized, she anticipated her children to be perfect, all the things had to be done in a particular way and time, which was the same way she was used to be taught. One of her children suffered from anorexia later which is a disorder that people is losing appetency to eat and drink (Grant, 1996). On the other hand, their apartness contributes to their inability to decide as they also did not have a chance to make decisions. Approximately all the IRS students cannot make alternatives except as one of the alternative is good for them straightly. Residential School Syndrome (RSS) The Residential School Syndrome (RSS) is the one of the consequence after the feeling of indigenous children had been tried to close off and maltreated. (Grant, 1996). According to Robertson, some expert claimed that RRS was one type of PTSD, but Charles Brasfield defined RSSs standard and recognized several differences between these two disorders. On the other hand, there were not many RRS patients were diagnosed RSS, 6.3% of former students were diagnosed in a sampling survey in British Columbia. However, the symptoms of RRS is severe. The symptoms of RSS are as follow: Addiction of drugs or alcohols at an early age and always with anger; depreciation on dominant cultural activities; undergone a panic IRS school experience or related to a person who used to be an IRS student; the attitude to IRS is passive, anxious, angry, and unassisted; Keep dreaming the lives in IRS and tendency to feel the scenario in IRS reappear again; Feel extremely dismayed when stimulate by something or someone can remind them of their memories in IRS (2006). Besides, the patients tendency to get angry easily causes much physical abuse, their arousal sometimes lead to family violence. After long-time basis, the violence would affect generation by generation. Their next generation may also suffer from RSS (Robertson, 2006). Historic Traumas Historic trauma (HT), is defined as spiritual imbalance and cumulative emotional psychological wounding over the lifespan and across generation. Besides, HT is suggested for indigenous people as they had experienced genocide through IRS (Robertson, 2006). According to Robertson, IRS students diagnosed with HT always with those symptoms: depression, self-destructive behavior, the tendency to suicide, anxiety, inferiority, wage, and lacking emotional intelligence. The historical trauma would deliver to the next generation which is a mechanism of HT as the trauma had been ingrained in the culture and peoples memories. And people in the next generation would also underlie the thought of being lessness. On the other hand, some might say that RRS is similar with HT. However, these two are focused on two different aspects: RRS is focused on the individuals psychological aspect while HT is focused on the how the cultures affect by the trauma and how people in the communities be affected (200 6). IRS students suffering more pain than other aboriginal people? Some may say other aboriginal people also experienced a tough time in reserve, IRS survivors did not experience more pain than other aboriginal people (Robertson, 2006). Virtually, some of former IRS students were living well without problems and aboriginal people in reserves were also undergone abuse and had the tendency to suicide. However, those were a rare part of people that did not experience maltreat or abuse in IRS and aboriginal people in the reserve did not suffer from the chronic stress (Elias et al, 2012). IRS survivors also lost their ability to learn and express feeling, while native people in reserve were not (Grant, 1996). Conclusion Indigenous people undergone a tragedy in IRS and these memories contributed to various problems on them, especially mental problems which cannot be erased and like a shadow following with their whole life. Although the IRS era had gone, we still can see the effect of IRS on generations. The majority of IRS survivors had diagnosed more than one psychological disorder, and most of them were alcoholic. Alcoholic parents may make their children feel shame while their children may also suffer from maltreatment. When the children grow up, they would know their culture was not being accepted in nowadays dominant culture and they would start drinking and suffer from historical traumas (Grant, 1996). Obviously, this is a vicious cycle but it is exactly what happening right now in the society. Fortunately, there is various way to heal with IRS survivors, such as their culture, language loss, and their mental health can be fixed but it does take a long time. But in the first place, we need to p rovide a safe, confidential environment with respect and no discrimination (Chansonneuve, 2005). References Chansonneuve, D. (2005). Reclaiming Connections: understanding residential school trauma  among aboriginal people. Elias, B., Mignone, J., Hall, M., Hong, S. P., Hart, L., Sareen, J. (2012). Trauma and suicide  behaviour histories among a Canadian indigenous population: an empirical exploration of the potential role of Canadas residential school system. Social science medicine, 74(10), 1560-1569. Grant, A. (1996). No End of Grief: Indian Residential Schools in Canada. Pemmican Publications, Inc., 1635 Burrows Ave., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R2X 0T1. Robertson, Lloyd Hawkeye. The residential school experience: Syndrome or historic trauma. Pimatisiwin 4.1 (2006): 1-28. Sochting, I., Corrado, R., Cohen, I. M., Ley, R. G., Brasfield, C. (2007). Traumatic pasts in Canadian Aboriginal people: Further support for a complex trauma conceptualization?. British Columbia Medical Journal, 49(6), 320.

The Difference in Leadership Essay -- Papers Leading Skills Essays Pap

The Difference in Leadership Introduction ============ Leadership is an influence process. It might be thought of as the ability to motivate others into following and understanding the role they play in an organisation, as well as what the overall strategy of the business is, with the interest of achieving organisational goals. If this is done correctly then high levels of motivation, empowerment, commitment and performance should result. It is equally important for a leader to be trustworthy, Viscount Slim describes leadership as being : â€Å"The quality which makes people trust you†. It is important in every leadership role that the leader be as effective as possible in order to work those people he is responsible for to their full potential. Certainly the leadership skill will play an important part in determining the effectiveness of the leader. Good communication skills are another important quality for a leader to have. This means that it is important to be both good at effective speaking as well as listening in order to aim the behaviours and actions of individuals in the required direction. Leadership is the process by which a person exerts influence over other people and inspires, motivates, and directs their activities to help achieve group or organizational goals.[i] It has been an old and common view that leaders are born, and not made. This is known as the Qualities Approach. Those which share this view believe that some core qualities of leaders are inborn, ie intuition, will-power and intelligence. This dismisses the idea that leaders can be manufactured, and places the emphasis on the natural ch... ...ent.IE5/M8UV2CDB/266,11,Slide 11 [x] Jones, George, Hill Contemporary Management p 411. [xi] M.G.Evans, â€Å"The Effects of Supervisory Behaviour on the Path-Goal Relationship†, Organizational Behaviour and Human Performance 5 (1970): 277-98;R.J.House,†A Path-Goal Theory of Leader Effectiveness,† Administrative Science Quarterly 16 (1971):321-38;J.C.Wofford and L.Z.Liska,†Path-Goal Theories of Leadership: A Meta-Analysis,† Journal of Management 19 (1993): 857-76. [xii] B.M.Bass, Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations (New York: Free Press, 1985); Bass, Bass and Stogdill’s Handbook of Leadership; Yukl and Van Fleet, â€Å"Theory and Research on Leadership.† [xiii] A.H.Eagly,S.J.Karau, and M.G.Makhijani, â€Å"Gender and the Effectiveness of Leaders: A Meta-Analysis,† Psychological Bulletin 117 (1995):125-45.

Character Study Essay

Manus is the son of Hugh, brother of Owen and a teacher at the hedge school. * At first there is a great contrast between the brothers, however, as the play progresses it is apparent that they have adopted each others characteristics. Manus has strong views on the re naming of Irish towns but they are very different to those belonging to Owen. Manus is angry with the English belief that the Irish town names are â€Å"incorrect† whereas Owen considers it to be â€Å"only a name† Manus is described as having a â€Å"zeal† for teaching and this supported by his relationship with Sarah. It is clear that Sarah has deeper feelings for Manus than a regular teacher and student relationship. â€Å"She smiles in shy, embarrassed pleasure. † (P. 3). Manus also appears to truly care for Sarah and it is debatable whether one of Manus’ reasons for leaving the hedge school was because he did not want his feelings for Sarah to progress. At the beginning of the play a relationship between Manus and Maire is indicated. As the play progresses this relationship deteriorates as Maire and Yolland (an English man) fall in love. When Manus finds out about this relationship he is severely hurt and this leads to him leaving the town of Baile Beag and running away from his problems. * There are many examples throughout the play when Manus makes sacrifices for the people from the people within the hedge school. One such example is when his father Hugh applies for a new job at the national school. Manus feels he can not apply (even though he would probably be better suited for the job) as he will be going against his father’s wishes. This angers Maire as Manus promised her he would go for the job. This is one of the first apparent signs of a strain being put on their relationship, which would eventually lead to its downfall. Words that describe Manus: optimist, kind, considerate, encouraging.